Local sources and human rights reports in the Yemeni capital, Sana'a, have revealed that the Houthi group has taken new escalatory steps aimed at tightening its security grip on the health sector by deploying members of its so-called "Zaynabiyat" (female Houthi supporters) inside hospitals and medical facilities. These moves are part of the group's strategy to expand its surveillance and espionage operations to include vital service institutions frequented by thousands of citizens daily.
Who are the "Zaynabiyat"? And what is the background of their formation?
The term "Zaynabiyat" refers to the female security and military wing of the Houthi movement. This formation has become increasingly prominent in recent years, undertaking a range of security tasks, from searching women at checkpoints and raiding homes to dispersing women's demonstrations. These women undergo intensive military and intelligence training and are indoctrinated to ensure their absolute loyalty to the group. Deploying them within hospitals represents a significant development in their role, shifting them from direct military and security operations to intelligence work within civilian institutions.
The objectives of espionage and tightening the noose
Reports indicate that the deployment of female intelligence operatives within hospital corridors is primarily aimed at monitoring private conversations between patients and their companions, as well as observing medical and administrative staff. Through this measure, the group seeks to identify any voices opposing its policies or criticizing the deteriorating living conditions. Furthermore, it aims to enforce strict adherence to the group's directives regarding dress and social interaction, which observers consider a blatant violation of patient privacy and the sanctity of healthcare institutions.
The repercussions of militarizing the health sector
The health sector in Yemen in general, and in Houthi-controlled areas in particular, is suffering from severe deterioration and a lack of resources. This security intervention further complicates the situation; turning hospitals into barracks for monitoring people creates an atmosphere of fear and distrust between doctors and patients. Human rights activists warn that these practices may deter many from visiting hospitals for fear of security persecution or malicious denunciation, thus exacerbating the humanitarian and health crisis in the country.
human rights and international context
These practices contravene international laws and norms that guarantee the neutrality of medical facilities and patient privacy. International organizations and reports from the UN Panel of Experts have previously documented widespread violations committed by the Zainabiyat faction, including arbitrary arrests and enforced disappearances of women. The increasing use of this faction for espionage within civilian institutions indicates a continued pattern of restricting public and private freedoms in areas under the group's control, raising growing concern among the international community and human rights organizations.
