The evolution of the Hajj journey: from camel caravans and traditional boats to technology
Introduction: The Hajj Journey Between Past and Present
The Hajj pilgrimage has witnessed radical transformations throughout history, reflecting the scale of human and technological development, as well as the tremendous efforts exerted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to serve the pilgrims. In this context, Youssef Al-Khamis, Director of the Culture and Arts Association in Al-Ahsa Governorate, recalled memories and details of ancient Hajj journeys and the historical milestones of the caravans, highlighting the vast difference between the past, fraught with hardship, and the present, characterized by comfort and tranquility thanks to the benevolent care of the wise leadership.
Historical context: Facing the harshness of the desert and caravan routes
Historically, the Hajj pilgrimage posed a significant challenge for Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula and beyond, lasting for many months and fraught with environmental hazards and harsh terrain. Al-Khamis explained that pilgrims in the past began their preparations well in advance, relying on the expertise of Hajj caravan organizers and guides to arrange their journeys across rugged desert routes lacking basic services. Caravans depended entirely on the experience of their guides and drivers to navigate desert paths and locate wells, where intermittent rest camps were established, allowing pilgrims to prepare their own food. In Al-Ahsa, the Al-Mubarraz area emerged as a major gathering point for caravans, situated near water springs. Alongside this, the Al-Hofuf horse market received pilgrims from the Gulf states, reflecting the region's regional importance as a key transit point for pilgrims.
The evolution of transportation: from the emergence of camels to lorries
Transportation has undergone major transformations that have completely changed the face of travel. It began with arduous journeys on camelback, then, between the 1940s and 1960s, transitioned to lorries and wooden buses. Al-Khamis noted that the use of cars dramatically reduced travel time from approximately three months to about 25 days round trip. Locals were careful to install partitions to protect the privacy of women and families inside vehicles, in clear adherence to social and religious values.
The communications revolution: from text messages to video calls
Perhaps the most striking example of this development is how pilgrims communicate with their families. In the past, pilgrims reassured their families through messengers known as "messengers" or "messengers," a slow method that relied on returning travelers and took weeks. This later evolved to landline telephone booths, culminating in our current era where advanced communication networks and instant video calling applications allow pilgrims to speak with their families via audio and video from within the holy sites, ending centuries of anxiety and anticipation for families.
The rituals of farewell and the joy of return: the green flag as a symbol
Regarding social customs, Al-Khamis described the farewell moments as a mixture of joy at having performed the pilgrimage and sadness and apprehension about the arduous journey. Simple celebrations were held, with religious chants recited by neighbors. Upon their return, the markets of Mecca would be filled with pilgrims buying gifts and souvenirs. He also revealed a beautiful traditional custom: residents would raise a green flag above their homes as a common signal of the pilgrim's imminent safe return, after which celebrations would erupt, and well-wishers would be welcomed with coffee and tea throughout the neighborhood.
The local and international impact of the modern Kingdom's efforts
On Thursday, he concluded his statement by emphasizing that those who experienced Hajj in the past understand the magnitude of the transformation. The government of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and his Crown Prince have provided tremendous resources, including paved roads, high-speed trains, and advanced technological and health services, making the Hajj journey safer and more comfortable. This development has not only had a local impact but has also had a profound international effect, enabling millions of Muslims worldwide to perform the rituals with ease, making pilgrims feel at home. He also praised the historical and ongoing role of the Saudi scout teams, who have had a prominent presence since ancient times in guiding, organizing, and facilitating the movement of the pilgrims.
