Ramadan Crescent Calculations 1447 AH: Al Majmaah Observatory Determines Sunset Time
The Al-Majmaah University Astronomical Observatory, located in Hawtat Sudair, announced its complete readiness and the completion of its precise astronomical calculations for observing the crescent moon of Ramadan 1447 AH. Scientific data released by the observatory revealed important details regarding the observation conditions on the evening of Tuesday, February 17, 2026, corresponding to the 29th of Sha'ban according to the Umm al-Qura calendar. The Muslim world awaits the results of the observation to determine the beginning of the holy month.
Details of the astronomical calculations and the date of the conjunction
The observatory explained in its detailed statement the precise scientific conditions for the sighting process, noting that the phenomenon of "central conjunction" (new moon) will occur astronomically at 3:03 PM Riyadh time on Tuesday, the 29th of Sha'ban. The moment of conjunction is considered the astronomical beginning of the new moon cycle and is the fundamental criterion upon which astronomers rely in calculating the beginnings of lunar months.
Regarding sunset times, calculations indicate that the sun will set in Mecca at 6:19 PM, while the crescent moon will set shortly after at 6:23 PM, meaning the crescent will remain visible for four minutes. At the astronomical observatory in Hawtat Sudair, the sun will set at 5:52 PM (at 257 degrees), and the crescent moon will set at 5:54 PM (at 256 degrees). These data suggest that the crescent will remain visible for only two minutes after sunset, at an altitude of 0.5 degrees and an elongation of 1.61 degrees.
The importance of the Hawtat Sudair Observatory and its strategic location
The Al-Majmaah University Observatory in Hawtat Sudair holds significant local and regional importance, as it is one of the most prominent accredited astronomical observatories in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for observing the new moon. The choice of this location stems from its unique geographical features; situated in a high-altitude area characterized by clear skies and distance from urban light pollution, it is an ideal site for precise astronomical observation. Over the years, the observatory has contributed to providing accurate data that has assisted the Supreme Court and relevant authorities in making decisions regarding the beginning of the Islamic months.
The religious and social impact of sighting the crescent moon
The sighting of the crescent moon for the month of Ramadan is followed with great interest by Muslims worldwide, given its direct connection to the obligatory fast. Saudi Arabia relies on the traditional method of sighting the crescent with the naked eye or binoculars to determine the start of the month, while also utilizing astronomical calculations to guide observers and confirm the possibility of sighting. These calculations, provided by the Al-Majma'ah Observatory, serve as a scientific guide, assisting observers in accurately determining the crescent's position in the sky at sunset, thus minimizing errors and increasing the precision of the observation process.
It is worth noting that the crescent moon remaining visible for only two minutes presents a significant challenge for visual observation. However, the modern astronomical equipment and advanced technologies possessed by the observatory contribute to documenting these moments with extreme accuracy, in order to provide a comprehensive scientific report to the relevant authorities.
