The Somali capital, Mogadishu, is undergoing fundamental political transformations with the holding of elections considered a cornerstone for restoring a system of direct universal suffrage—a move described by observers as historic after decades of absence. This step represents a new glimmer of hope for consolidating democracy and ending reliance on the complex transitional systems that have governed the political landscape for many years.
Historical background: Decades of the absence of a popular voice
To understand the significance of this event, one must consider Somalia's historical context. The country has not held elections using the "one person, one vote" system (direct universal suffrage) since 1969, the year of the military coup that brought Siad Barre to power, followed by the outbreak of civil war in 1991, which led to the collapse of the central government. For decades, Somalia's institutions have been structured around a clan-based power-sharing system known as the "4.5," whereby members of parliament and the president are chosen through clan agreements and delegates, rather than through direct popular vote. This has effectively distanced political decision-making from the will of the average citizen.
The importance of democratic transition and overcoming the quota system
The paramount importance of these elections in the capital lies in their practical demonstration of the transition from a clan-based power-sharing system, long criticized for fueling divisions and hindering efficiency, to a modern democratic system that grants genuine legitimacy to government institutions. The success of this experiment in Mogadishu, as the political center and beating heart of the country, will pave the way for its application in the other federal states, thus strengthening the concept of citizenship over clan affiliation.
Security and logistical challenges
This process is not without its significant challenges, most notably the security situation. Holding elections in the capital requires a high level of security for polling stations and protection for voters and candidates in light of the ongoing threats posed by the extremist group al-Shabaab. Therefore, completing this process also sends a strong message, both domestically and internationally, demonstrating the ability of Somali security forces to maintain control and provide a safe environment for the exercise of constitutional rights.
Regional and international dimensions
Internationally, this transition enjoys strong support from the United Nations, the African Union, and international partners, who see the restoration of universal suffrage as the only way to achieve lasting stability in the Horn of Africa. Political stability in Somalia through the ballot box will positively impact the security of the entire region, encourage foreign investment, and restore Somalia's diplomatic standing as a sovereign state with legitimately elected institutions.
