In a move reflecting the deepening strategic relationship between Tehran and Moscow, Iran announced the successful launch of three domestically manufactured observation satellites using a Russian-made Soyuz rocket. This operation represents another step in the development of Iran's space program , defying stringent Western sanctions imposed on the Islamic Republic's technology and defense sectors.
Launch details and technical specifications
Iranian state television reported that three satellites, named Zafar-2, Baya, and Kowsar-1.5, were launched from the Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia's Far East. These satellites are equipped with advanced technologies, with Baya being the most sophisticated, weighing 150 kilograms and featuring artificial intelligence to enhance the resolution of satellite imagery.
According to the Iranian news agency IRNA, these satellites will be positioned in an orbit 500 kilometers above the Earth's surface, with a lifespan of three to five years. Tehran aims to enhance its capabilities in vital civilian sectors through this system, including:
- Water resources management and monitoring of environmental changes.
- Accurate mapping and urban planning.
- Supporting the agricultural sector through meteorological monitoring data.
Strategic background and Russian-Iranian cooperation
This launch is not an isolated event, but rather comes within the context of growing rapprochement between Russia and Iran, especially given the isolation both countries face from Western nations. The Russian Soyuz rocket was chosen for this mission due to its high global reliability in transporting sensitive payloads, indicating Tehran's desire to ensure the mission's success after several previous domestic attempts encountered technical challenges.
Iran has previously carried out similar launches, the most recent of which was last July from the same Russian base, in addition to a simultaneous launch of three satellites at the end of 2024 using the local "Simorgh" rocket, confirming Tehran's determination to possess a complete cycle of space technology, from manufacturing to launch.
Western concerns and international controversy
The accelerating pace of Iran's satellite launches widespread concern in Western capitals, particularly Washington. The United States and its European allies fear that the technology used to put the satellites into orbit could be employed for military purposes, specifically in the development of ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
Despite Iran’s continued assurances that its space program is peaceful and compliant with UN Security Council resolutions, the West views this space cooperation with Moscow with suspicion, considering it a means of exchanging military and technical expertise that could disrupt the security balance in the Middle East region.
