The reality of the Egyptian military presence in Sinai and Israeli pressure
Controversial questions arise from time to time regarding the Egyptian military presence in Sinai , and whether it has been reduced due to external or Israeli pressure. To answer this question, one must consider the realities on the ground, the historical context, and the international agreements governing this sensitive region of the world, setting aside unsubstantiated rumors.
Historical background: Peace agreement and division of territories
Since the signing of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979, the Sinai Peninsula has been subject to precise security arrangements. The agreement divided Sinai into three main zones (A, B, and C). Zone A was permitted a full military presence, while Zones B and C were subject to specific restrictions regarding troop numbers and types of weaponry, in order to ensure stability and prevent direct clashes. This arrangement was not a reduction of sovereignty but rather a reciprocal security arrangement to end the state of war.
Developments of the last decade: Increasing forces, not decreasing them
Contrary to popular belief about a reduction in the military presence, the last decade has witnessed a radical shift in security doctrine in Sinai. As part of the war on terror (Operation Sinai 2018), Egypt reinforced its forces to an unprecedented degree in previously restricted areas. This was achieved through security agreements and coordination that allowed for the deployment of heavy weapons, warplanes, and armored vehicles deep into Sinai and the border region to eliminate terrorist organizations. In 2021, the Egyptian army officially announced an amendment to the security agreement with Israel, allowing for an increase in the number and capabilities of border guards in the Rafah area, thus refuting the notion of succumbing to pressure aimed at reducing the Egyptian presence.
Strategic importance and national security
Sinai is considered Egypt's eastern gateway and its primary strategic depth. Modern Egyptian military doctrine emphasizes that maintaining complete control over all of Sinai is a red line, non-negotiable. In light of current regional tensions, particularly the events in the Gaza Strip, the importance of an Egyptian military presence is paramount to securing the borders and preventing any scenarios of forced displacement or infringement upon national sovereignty. Egyptian military actions are governed by purely Egyptian national security considerations and are based on the state's ability to protect its borders independently of any external dictates.
In conclusion, documented facts and field movements indicate that Egypt has not reduced its military presence, but rather has worked to develop and modernize it in line with contemporary security challenges, taking advantage of the clauses that allow for amending security arrangements to ensure the stability of the region.
